DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE WITH DEMENTIA

Zlatana Krsto Perovic, Mirjana Cukic

Abstract


Introduction. Parkinson's disease  is a multisystem disorder which is characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms . Non- motor symptoms include: depression, cognitive impairment, autonomic and sensor symptoms. It is difficult to detect and treat depression symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease  with dementia. Early identification and treatment of depression symptoms can greatly improve the quality of life in these patients, as well as facilitate the quality of caregivers’ lives.

Goal of the paper. The aim of our research was to evaluate frequency of depression occurrence in patients with Parkinson’s disease with cognitive impairment.

Patients and methods. We did a prospective study which included 59 PD patients, who came for a regular checkup to Neurological infirmary of the General Hospital in Nikshic, in the interval from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016, all of whom were previously diagnosed with Parkinson's disease . We tested their cognitive status using the Mini Mental State Examination  scale. Out of 59 patients, 32 displayed cognitive deficit and were included in further research. We gave directions about testing to guardians or caregivers of the patients who displayed moderate or distinct cognitive impairment. The testing was done on the next checkup, with Cornell’s depression scale.

  Results. Research showed that out of 32 patients, 5 (15.6%) didn’t suffer from depression, 8 (25%) probably suffered from major depression, while 19 (59.4%) definitely suffered from major depression. On the cognitive scale, 6 (18.8%) patients had mild, 11 (34.4%) moderate, and 15 (46.9%) distinct cognitive deficit. Out of 8 patients with probable depression 3 (9.4%) had mild, 3 (9.4%) had moderate and 2 (6.2%) distinct cognitive deficit. We can also:conclude that out of 19 (59.4%) with certain depression, 1 (3.1%) had mild, 5 (15.6%) had medium severe, and 13 (40.6%) had severe cognitive deficit.

Conclusion.  Prevalence of depression and dementia in Parkinson's disease  patients is high. Our patients have moderate cognitive deficit in 34.4 %of the cases, and distinct cognitive deficit in 46.9% of the cases; while 59.4% definitely suffers from major depression at some point of their illness. Their early detection is of great importance for treatment and quality of life of these patients.


Keywords


depression, dementia, Parkinson disease

Full Text:

PDF

References


Lang AE, Lozano AM. Parkinson's disease.First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1998 ; 339 (15):1044–53.

Stacy M. Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Int J Neurosci. 2011;121 (Suppl 2):9-17.

Zweig RM, Disbrow EA, Javalkar V. Cognitive and psychiatric disturbances in Parkinsonian syndromes. Neurologic clinics. 2016 ;34(1):235-46.

.Torbey E, Pachana NA, Dissanavaka NN. Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: A critical review updating recent literature. J affec disord. 2015;184:216-24.

Aarsland D, Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Cummings JL. Frequency of dementia in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 1996;53(6):538–42.

Biggins CA, Boyd JL, Harrop FM, Madeley P, Mindham RH, Randall JI et al. A controlled, longitudinal study of dementia in Parkinson's disease. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55(7):566–71.

Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2006 ;19(3):294–8.

Lim SY, Fox SH, Lang AE. Overview of the extranigral aspects of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2009 ; 66(2) :167–72.

Weintraub D, Stern MB.Psychiatric complications in Parkinson disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 ; 13 (10):844–51.

Schrag A. Quality of life and depression in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci. 2006;248(1-2):151–7.

Baquero M, Martin N.Depressive symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases. World J Clin Cases. 2015;3(8):682-93.

Caballol N, Marti MJ, Tolosa E. Cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson disease. Mov Disord. 2007; 22 (suppl 17):S358–66.

Hancock P, Larner AJ. Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia: clinical utility in a memory clinic. Int J Psychiatry ClinPract. 2015 ;19(1):71-4.

Weintraub D, Moberg PJ, Duda JE, Katz IR, Stern MB. Recognition and treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2003; 16(3) :178–83.

Costa A, Peppe A, Carlesimo GA, Pasqualetti P, Caltagirone C. Alexithymia in Parkinson's disease is related to severity of depressive symptoms. Eur J Neurol. 2006 ;13(8):836–41.

Grover S, Somaiya M, Kumar S, Avasthi A. Psychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2015 ;6(1):65-76.

Aarsland D, Kurz MW. The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci. 2010 ; 289(1-2) :18–22.

Caviness JN, Driver-Dunckley E, Connor DJ, Sabbagh MN, Hentz JG, Noble B, et al. Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov.Disord.2007; 22(9):1272-7.

Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2005 ;65(8):1239–45.

Broeders M, de Bie RM, Velseboer DC, Speelman JD, Muslimovic D, Schmand B. Evolution of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2013;81(4):346–52.

Connolly B, Fox SH.Treatment of cognitive, psychiatric, and affective disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 ;11(1):78-91.

Williams JR, Marsh L. Validity of the Cornell scale for depression in dementia in Parkinson's disease with and without cognitive impairment. Movement Disorder.2009 ;24(3):433-7.

.Weintraub D, Moberg PJ, Duda JE, Katz IR, Stern MB. Effect of psychiatric and other nonmotor symptoms on disability in Parkinson’s disease. J Am GeriatrSoc. 2004 ;52(5) :784–8.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24125/sanamed.v1i1.178

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 zlatana krsto perovic

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.